Torrefaction:
Torrefaction is a thermochemical process applied to biomass at temperatures ranging from 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608 °F). Conducted under atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen, this process involves the release of water and excess volatiles from the biomass. Concurrently, biopolymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin partially decompose, emitting various volatile compounds. The result is a dry, solid, and darkened material known as torrefied biomass or bio-coal.
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